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Ch.14 - Solutions
Chapter 14, Problem 40d

When lithium iodide (LiI) is dissolved in water, the solution becomes hotter. d. Why does the solution form? What drives the process?

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Dissolution Process

The dissolution process involves the breaking of ionic bonds in a solid solute and the interaction of solute ions with solvent molecules. In the case of lithium iodide (LiI), the ionic bonds between lithium and iodide ions are overcome by the interactions with water molecules, leading to the formation of a solution.
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Exothermic Reactions

An exothermic reaction is a process that releases heat to the surroundings. When LiI dissolves in water, the energy released from the formation of ion-dipole interactions between the ions and water molecules is greater than the energy required to break the ionic bonds, resulting in an increase in temperature of the solution.
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Thermodynamics of Solutions

The thermodynamics of solutions involves the concepts of enthalpy and entropy. The dissolution of LiI is driven by the overall change in Gibbs free energy, which combines enthalpic and entropic contributions. A negative Gibbs free energy indicates that the process is spontaneous, which is the case when LiI dissolves in water and releases heat.
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