What are the formal charges of the atoms shown in red?

Key Concepts

Formal Charge

Formal charge is a theoretical charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, calculated based on the number of valence electrons, the number of bonds, and the number of non-bonding electrons. It helps in determining the most stable Lewis structure for a molecule. The formula for calculating formal charge is: Formal Charge = (Valence Electrons) - (Non-bonding Electrons) - (1/2 * Bonding Electrons).

Lewis Structures

Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They provide a visual representation of the arrangement of electrons and help in predicting the geometry and reactivity of the molecule. Understanding how to draw and interpret Lewis structures is essential for analyzing molecular properties and charges.

Resonance Structures

Resonance structures are different Lewis structures that represent the same molecule, differing only in the placement of electrons. They illustrate the delocalization of electrons within a molecule, which can affect the stability and reactivity of the compound. Recognizing resonance is crucial for understanding the distribution of formal charges and the overall electronic structure of the molecule.