Ch.9 - Periodic Properties of the Elements

Problem 89

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Chapter 9, Problem 89

Life on Earth evolved based on the element carbon. Based on periodic properties, what two or three elements would you expect to be most like carbon?

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Identify the position of carbon in the periodic table. Carbon is in group 14 (or IV) and period 2.

Understand that elements in the same group (column) of the periodic table have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons.

Look for elements in the same group as carbon. These elements will have similar chemical properties due to having four valence electrons.

The elements in group 14 are carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), and lead (Pb).

Conclude that silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge) are the elements most like carbon, as they are in the same group and closer in atomic number.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Periodic Trends

Periodic trends refer to the patterns observed in the properties of elements as you move across or down the periodic table. These trends include atomic radius, electronegativity, and ionization energy, which help predict how elements will behave chemically. Understanding these trends is essential for identifying elements that share similar characteristics with carbon.

Group Similarities

Elements in the same group (column) of the periodic table often exhibit similar chemical properties due to their similar valence electron configurations. Carbon is in Group 14, which includes silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), and tin (Sn). These elements share characteristics such as the ability to form covalent bonds and exhibit similar reactivity patterns, making them comparable to carbon.

Covalent Bonding

Covalent bonding occurs when two atoms share electrons, allowing them to achieve a full outer electron shell. Carbon is known for its ability to form four covalent bonds, leading to a vast array of organic compounds. Elements that can also form multiple covalent bonds, like silicon, are likely to exhibit similar chemical behavior to carbon, making them important for understanding potential analogs.

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