Name each aldehyde or ketone. b.

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Identify the functional group present in the compound. Aldehydes have the carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of the carbon chain, while ketones have it within the carbon chain.

Determine the longest carbon chain that contains the carbonyl group. This will help in identifying the base name of the compound.

For aldehydes, replace the '-e' ending of the corresponding alkane with '-al'. For ketones, replace the '-e' ending with '-one'.

Number the carbon chain starting from the end nearest to the carbonyl group. This helps in assigning the lowest possible number to the carbonyl carbon.

If there are substituents, name and number them according to their position on the carbon chain, and list them in alphabetical order before the base name.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Aldehydes

Aldehydes are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of a carbon chain. The general formula for aldehydes is RCHO, where R represents a hydrocarbon group. Common examples include formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Aldehydes are known for their distinctive odors and are often used in the production of various chemicals and as preservatives.

Ketones

Ketones are organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group (C=O) located within a carbon chain, specifically between two carbon atoms. The general formula for ketones is RC(=O)R', where R and R' can be the same or different hydrocarbon groups. Acetone is a well-known example of a ketone, commonly used as a solvent. Ketones are important in various chemical reactions and industrial applications.

Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

The nomenclature of organic compounds follows specific rules set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). For aldehydes, the suffix '-al' is used, while for ketones, the suffix '-one' is applied. The naming process involves identifying the longest carbon chain containing the functional group, numbering the chain to give the functional group the lowest possible number, and then applying the appropriate suffix based on the compound type.