Classify each statement as an observation, a law, or a theory. a. All matter is made of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms. b. When iron rusts in a closed container, the mass of the container and its contents does not change. c. In chemical reactions, matter is neither created nor destroyed. d. When a match burns, heat is released

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the nature of each statement: observation, law, or theory.
2. Statement a: 'All matter is made of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms.' - This is a theory because it explains the nature of matter based on atomic theory.
3. Statement b: 'When iron rusts in a closed container, the mass of the container and its contents does not change.' - This is an observation because it describes a specific occurrence without explaining why it happens.
4. Statement c: 'In chemical reactions, matter is neither created nor destroyed.' - This is a law, specifically the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states a fundamental principle of chemistry.
5. Statement d: 'When a match burns, heat is released.' - This is an observation because it describes a specific event that can be directly perceived.

Key Concepts

Atoms

Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons. They are considered indestructible in chemical reactions, meaning they cannot be created or destroyed, only rearranged. This concept is essential for understanding the composition of substances and the nature of chemical reactions.

Conservation of Mass

The law of conservation of mass states that in a closed system, the total mass remains constant over time, regardless of the processes occurring within it. This principle is crucial in chemical reactions, as it implies that the mass of reactants equals the mass of products, reinforcing the idea that matter is conserved.

Scientific Theories vs. Laws

Scientific theories are well-substantiated explanations of aspects of the natural world, based on a body of evidence, while scientific laws describe observable phenomena without explaining why they occur. Understanding the distinction between these concepts is vital for classifying statements in science, as it helps clarify the nature of scientific knowledge.