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Ch.18 - Free Energy and Thermodynamics
All textbooksTro 4th EditionCh.18 - Free Energy and ThermodynamicsProblem 70a
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Chapter 18, Problem 70a

Consider the evaporation of methanol at 25.0 °C : CH3OH(l) → CH3OH(g) a. Find ΔG°r at 25.0 °C.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG)

Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) is a thermodynamic potential that measures the maximum reversible work obtainable from a thermodynamic system at constant temperature and pressure. It is a crucial concept in predicting the spontaneity of a reaction; a negative ΔG indicates that a process can occur spontaneously, while a positive ΔG suggests non-spontaneity.
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Gibbs Free Energy of Reactions

Standard State Conditions

Standard state conditions refer to a set of specific conditions (usually 1 bar pressure and a specified temperature, often 25 °C) under which thermodynamic measurements are made. These conditions allow for the comparison of thermodynamic data, such as standard Gibbs free energy changes (ΔG°), which are essential for calculating the favorability of reactions.
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Standard Reduction Potentials

Phase Change and Vaporization

Phase change refers to the transition of a substance from one state of matter to another, such as from liquid to gas during evaporation. The process of vaporization involves the absorption of energy, which can be quantified using enthalpy changes. Understanding the energy dynamics of phase changes is vital for calculating ΔG° for reactions involving substances in different states.
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Entropy in Phase Changes
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Related Practice
Open Question
Consider the sublimation of iodine at 25.0 °C: I2(s) → I2(g). a. Find ΔG°rxn at 25.0 °C.
Textbook Question

Consider the sublimation of iodine at 25.0 °C : I2(s) → I2(g) b. Find ΔG°rxn at 25.0 °C under the following nonstandard conditions: i. PI2 = 1.00 mmHg ii. PI2 = 0.100 mmHg

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Textbook Question

Consider the sublimation of iodine at 25.0 °C : I2(s) → I2(g) c. Explain why iodine spontaneously sublimes in open air at 25.0 °C

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Textbook Question

Consider the evaporation of methanol at 25.0 °C : CH3OH(l) → CH3OH(g) b. Find ΔGr at 25.0 °C under the following nonstandard conditions: i. PCH3OH = 150.0 mmHg ii. PCH3OH = 100.0 mmHg iii. PCH3OH = 10.0 mmHg

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Textbook Question

Consider the evaporation of methanol at 25.0 °C : CH3OH(l) → CH3OH(g) c. Explain why methanol spontaneously evaporates in open air at 25.0 °C

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Open Question
Consider the reaction: CH3OH(g) → CO(g) + 2 H2(g). Calculate ΔG for this reaction at 25 °C under the following conditions: i. PCH3OH = 0.855 atm ii. PCO = 0.125 atm iii. PH2 = 0.183 atm.