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Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy
Chapter 9, Problem 52

Assume that the nutritional content of an apple-say, 50 Cal (1 Cal = 1000 cal) - could be used to light a light bulb. For how many minutes would there be light from each of the following? (a) A 100-watt incandescent bulb (1 W = 1 J/s)

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Energy Conversion

Energy conversion refers to the process of changing energy from one form to another. In this context, the nutritional energy from the apple, measured in calories, is converted into electrical energy to power a light bulb. Understanding how to convert calories to joules (1 Cal = 4184 J) is essential for calculating the total energy available for lighting.
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Power and Energy Relationship

Power is the rate at which energy is used or produced, measured in watts (W), where 1 W = 1 J/s. To determine how long a light bulb can operate on a given amount of energy, one must understand the relationship between total energy available and the power rating of the bulb. This relationship allows us to calculate the duration of light by dividing the total energy by the power consumption of the bulb.
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Unit Conversion

Unit conversion is the process of converting a quantity expressed in one set of units to another. In this problem, it is crucial to convert the energy from calories to joules and understand the relationship between watts and joules per second. Mastery of unit conversion ensures accurate calculations and helps in understanding how different units relate to each other in the context of energy and power.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Assume that the kinetic energy of a 1400-kg car moving at 115 km/h (Problem 9.46) could be converted entirely into heat. What amount of water could be heated from 20 °C to 50 °C by the car's energy? 4.184 J are required to heat 1 g of water by 1 °C.
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Textbook Question
Which of the following are state functions, and which are not? (a) The temperature of an ice cube (b) The volume of an aerosol can (c) The amount of time required for Paula Radcliffe to run her world-record marathon: 2:15:25
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Textbook Question
Calculate the work done in joules by a chemical reaction if the volume increases from 3.2 L to 3.4 L against a constant external pressure of 3.6 atm. What is the sign of the energy change?
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Textbook Question

A reaction inside a cylindrical container with a movable RAN piston causes the volume to change from 12.0 L to 18.0 L while the pressure outside the container remains constant at 0.975 atm. (The volume of a cylinder is V = pr2h, where h is the height; 1 L # atm = 101.325 J.) (a) What is the value in joules of the work w done during the reaction?

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Textbook Question

A reaction inside a cylindrical container with a movable RAN piston causes the volume to change from 12.0 L to 18.0 L while the pressure outside the container remains constant at 0.975 atm. (The volume of a cylinder is V = pr2h, where h is the height; 1 L # atm = 101.325 J.) (b) The diameter of the piston is 17.0 cm. How far does the piston move?

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Textbook Question

At a constant pressure of 0.905 atm, a chemical reaction takes place in a cylindrical container with a movable piston having a diameter of 40.0 cm. During the reaction, the height of the piston drops by 65.0 cm. (The volume of a cylinder is V=pr2h,wherehistheheight;1Latm=101.3J.) (a) What is the change in volume in liters during the reaction?

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