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Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4, Problem 114

Where in the periodic table are the best reducing agents found? The best oxidizing agents?

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Reducing Agents

Reducing agents are substances that donate electrons in a chemical reaction, thereby reducing another substance. They are typically metals or elements with low electronegativity, which makes them more willing to lose electrons. In the periodic table, the best reducing agents are found in the alkali metals group (Group 1) and alkaline earth metals (Group 2), as they readily lose their outermost electrons.
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Oxidizing Agents

Oxidizing agents are substances that accept electrons in a chemical reaction, causing another substance to be oxidized. These agents are often nonmetals or elements with high electronegativity, which allows them to attract electrons effectively. The best oxidizing agents are typically found in the upper right corner of the periodic table, particularly in the halogens (Group 17) and noble gases, as they have a strong tendency to gain electrons.
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Periodic Trends

Periodic trends refer to the predictable patterns observed in the properties of elements as you move across or down the periodic table. Key trends include electronegativity, ionization energy, and atomic radius, which influence an element's ability to act as a reducing or oxidizing agent. Understanding these trends helps in identifying where the strongest reducing and oxidizing agents are located, with reducing agents generally found on the left and oxidizing agents on the right.
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