Refer to the figure to answer questions 4 and 5. The images are a molecular representation of three different substances, AX3, AY3, and AZ3, dissolved in water. (Water molecules are omitted for clarity.)
Which of the substances is the weakest electrolyte? (LO 4.6) (a) AX3 (b) AY3 (c) AZ3 (d) All of the substances are strong electrolytes.

Key Concepts

Electrolytes

Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, allowing the solution to conduct electricity. They can be classified as strong or weak electrolytes based on their degree of ionization. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate into ions, while weak electrolytes only partially dissociate, resulting in fewer ions in solution.

Molecular Structure and Ionization

The molecular structure of a substance influences its ability to ionize in solution. For example, the presence of polar bonds and the overall geometry can affect how well a compound interacts with water molecules, which in turn impacts its ionization. Understanding the molecular representation of AX3, AY3, and AZ3 is crucial for predicting their behavior as electrolytes.

Comparative Strength of Electrolytes

To determine which substance is the weakest electrolyte, one must compare the extent of ionization of AX3, AY3, and AZ3. This involves analyzing the number of ions produced in solution and their ability to conduct electricity. The substance that produces the least number of ions or has the lowest conductivity is considered the weakest electrolyte.