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Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4, Problem 79d

Predict whether a precipitation reaction will occur when aqueous solutions of the following substances are mixed. For those that form a precipitate, write the net ionic reaction. (d)

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Precipitation Reactions

Precipitation reactions occur when two aqueous solutions are mixed, resulting in the formation of an insoluble solid, known as a precipitate. This happens when the product of the reaction has a solubility product (Ksp) that is exceeded in the solution, leading to the aggregation of ions into a solid form. Understanding the solubility rules helps predict whether a precipitate will form.
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Solubility Rules

Solubility rules are guidelines that help predict the solubility of various ionic compounds in water. These rules indicate which compounds are generally soluble or insoluble in aqueous solutions, based on the ions present. For example, most nitrates are soluble, while many carbonates are not. Familiarity with these rules is essential for determining the outcome of mixing different ionic solutions.
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Net Ionic Equations

Net ionic equations represent the actual chemical species involved in a precipitation reaction, excluding spectator ions that do not participate in the reaction. To write a net ionic equation, one must first identify the ions in solution, determine which form a precipitate, and then write the equation showing only the ions and compounds that undergo a change. This simplifies the reaction and highlights the key components involved.
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