Which of the following transition metals have more than one oxidation state?

(a) Ti

(b) V

(c) Cr

(d) Zn

Video transcript

Hi, everyone. Welcome back. Let's look at our next problem. It says manganese is a transition metal having more than one oxidation state, give its oxidation states. And we have four answer choices with a range of states. I'm just going to read the range rather than every single one. So choice A is plus three through plus six. So it has the possibilities of plus three plus four plus five and plus six. Choice B is plus two through plus six. Choice C is plus one through plus six and choice D is plus one through plus seven. So we need to first think about what our electron configuration is for manganese. We recall that when we talk about transition metals, we're going to be filling the orbitals. So manganese has an atomic number of 25. So 25 electrons, we look at the previous noble gas to write sort of the shorthand electron configuration. So the previous noble gasses are gone argon has 18 electrons. And therefore, we subtract those 18 electrons from the 25 electrons of manganese to say that manganese has seven valence electrons. Now, we do have to remember when we talk about the D orbitals and we're filling them up that the D orbital in a certain level and the next level s orbital are pretty similar in energy. And in fact, the S orbital fills first before the D orbital. So to write our electron configuration, we start with argon and brackets and manganese is in row four and up here, row four. So we're gonna be talking about filling the four S orbital. So after Argon, we write four S two of those seven valence electrons can go in that four S orbital. Then we start filling the 3d orbitals. We have five left after we fill the S orbital. So our electron configuration of elemental manganese will be argon four S 2 3d 5. Again important to remember that four S orbital and that 3d orbital, once we've gotten out to those three and four shell level shells are quite similar to energy. So we have the potential to lose any or all of these seven valence electrons. Keeping in mind that even though we've written the four S two electrons here, first, the first electrons lost when forming ac I will be the S electrons. So we could lose one electron. I'll write that configuration argon and then four S 1 3d 5, that will be the oxidation state of plus one, we could lose that second for us electron. So now it's just Argon 3d 5 and that will be plus two. Note that this state is particularly stable since we have nothing in our, for us. But we have just a half filled de orbital or set of de orbitals, which is a particularly stable arrangement, but we can keep on losing electrons. Our next configure shall be argon 3d 4 to be plus three. And we could just keep on going on losing each of those electrons giving us possible oxidation states of choice D plus one through plus seven losing, as we said, any or all of our seven valence electrons. So the possible edition states of manganese is choice D plus one plus two plus three plus four plus five plus six or plus seven. See you in the next video.