How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in each of the following atoms? (c)

Key Concepts

Atomic Structure

Atoms are the basic units of matter, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus, while neutrons are neutral particles that also reside in the nucleus. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus in electron shells. The number of protons defines the element, while the total number of protons and neutrons gives the atomic mass.

Atomic Number and Mass Number

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in its nucleus, which determines the element's identity. The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. For example, carbon has an atomic number of 6, meaning it has 6 protons, and its most common isotope has a mass number of 12, indicating it has 6 neutrons (12 - 6 = 6).

Charge Balance in Atoms

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons, balancing the overall charge. If an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes an ion, which can be positively charged (cation) or negatively charged (anion). Understanding this balance is crucial for determining the electron count in various atoms and their chemical behavior.