What is the relationship between the electron affinity of a singly charged cation such as Na+ and the ionization energy of the neutral atom?

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that electron affinity refers to the energy change when an electron is added to a neutral atom or ion, forming a negative ion.
2. Recognize that ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom, forming a positive ion.
3. Consider that for a singly charged cation like Na^+, adding an electron would result in a neutral atom, which is the reverse process of ionization.
4. Realize that the electron affinity of Na^+ is related to the ionization energy of the neutral Na atom, as both involve the transition between the same states but in opposite directions.
5. Conclude that the electron affinity of Na^+ is approximately equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the ionization energy of the neutral Na atom.

Key Concepts

Electron Affinity

Electron affinity is the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a neutral atom in the gas phase, forming a negatively charged ion. It reflects the tendency of an atom to attract and hold onto an additional electron. For cations like Na+, the electron affinity indicates how easily the cation can gain an electron to revert to its neutral state.

Ionization Energy

Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in the gas phase, resulting in a positively charged ion. This energy reflects the strength of the attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. Higher ionization energy means that the atom holds its electrons more tightly, making it less likely to lose them.

Relationship Between Electron Affinity and Ionization Energy

The relationship between electron affinity and ionization energy is often inversely correlated. Generally, elements with high ionization energies also exhibit high electron affinities, as both properties are influenced by the effective nuclear charge and the stability of the resulting ions. For example, a cation like Na+ has a high ionization energy, which suggests that it is energetically favorable for it to gain an electron, thus having a significant electron affinity.