What is the difference between a straight-chain alkane and a branched-chain alkane?

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the basic structure of alkanes. Alkanes are hydrocarbons with only single bonds between carbon atoms, following the general formula C_nH_{2n+2}.
2. Step 2: Define a straight-chain alkane. A straight-chain alkane consists of carbon atoms connected in a continuous, unbranched line. Each carbon atom (except the ends) is bonded to two other carbon atoms and enough hydrogen atoms to satisfy the tetravalency of carbon.
3. Step 3: Define a branched-chain alkane. A branched-chain alkane has a main chain of carbon atoms with one or more carbon atoms branching off from the main chain. These branches are also called alkyl groups.
4. Step 4: Compare the structures. In a straight-chain alkane, all carbon atoms are connected in a single linear sequence, whereas in a branched-chain alkane, there are one or more side chains or branches attached to the main carbon chain.
5. Step 5: Consider the implications of branching. Branching can affect the physical properties of alkanes, such as boiling and melting points, due to changes in molecular shape and surface area.