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Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry
All textbooksMcMurry 8th EditionCh.23 - Organic and Biological ChemistryProblem 55
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Chapter 23, Problem 55

Describe the structure of the functional group in each of the following families: (a) Alkene, (b) Alcohol, (c) Ester, (d) Amine.

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Step 1: Understand that a functional group is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule.
Step 2: For (a) Alkene, recognize that the functional group is a carbon-carbon double bond, denoted as C=C. This double bond is the site of reactivity in alkenes.
Step 3: For (b) Alcohol, identify the functional group as a hydroxyl group, represented by -OH. This group is bonded to a carbon atom and is responsible for the properties of alcohols.
Step 4: For (c) Ester, note that the functional group is characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) adjacent to an ether linkage (O-C), typically written as RCOOR', where R and R' are hydrocarbon chains.
Step 5: For (d) Amine, recognize that the functional group consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more alkyl or aryl groups, represented as -NH2, -NHR, or -NR2, where R is a hydrocarbon group.
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Textbook Question
Methionine, one of the 20 amino acid building blocks from which proteins are made, has the following structure. What is the chemical formula of methionine? In writing the for-mula, list the element symbols in alphabetical order, and give the number of each element as a subscript.

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Open Question
Which of these objects are chiral (exhibit handedness)? (a) Basketball (b) Foot (c) Golf club (d) Coffee mug (e) Seashell with a helical twist
Open Question
What are functional groups, and why are they important?
Open Question
Give line drawings for each of the following molecular formulas. You may have to use rings and/or multiple bonds in some instances. (b) C4H8 (c) C2H4O (d) CH2O2
Open Question
Provide a line drawing and the molecular formula for the following: (a) A linear alkyne with three carbon atoms and one triple bond, (b) A linear alkene with four carbon atoms and one double bond, (c) A cyclic alkene with five carbon atoms in a ring and two double bonds.
Open Question
Give a line drawing and molecular formula for the following: (a) A linear alkane with four carbon atoms, (b) An alkene with six carbon atoms in a ring and one double bond, (c) A linear alkyne with six carbon atoms and two triple bonds.