Consider again the dissociation reaction
(e) What is the value of ∆G for the dissociation reaction when the system is at equilibrium?

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the dissociation reaction: X_2 -> 2X.
2. Recall that at equilibrium, the Gibbs free energy change (∆G) for the reaction is zero.
3. Understand that ∆G = ∆G° + RT ln(Q), where Q is the reaction quotient.
4. At equilibrium, Q = K (the equilibrium constant), and thus ∆G = 0.
5. Therefore, the value of ∆G for the dissociation reaction at equilibrium is zero.

Key Concepts

Gibbs Free Energy (∆G)

Gibbs Free Energy (∆G) is a thermodynamic potential that measures the maximum reversible work obtainable from a thermodynamic system at constant temperature and pressure. It is a crucial concept in determining the spontaneity of a reaction; if ∆G is negative, the reaction is spontaneous, while a positive ∆G indicates non-spontaneity. At equilibrium, ∆G equals zero, signifying that the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.

Chemical Equilibrium

Chemical equilibrium is the state in which the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time, as the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. This dynamic balance means that while reactions continue to occur, there is no net change in the concentrations of the substances involved. Understanding equilibrium is essential for predicting how changes in conditions (like concentration or temperature) will affect the system.

Dissociation Reaction

A dissociation reaction involves the breaking apart of a compound into its constituent parts, often resulting in the formation of ions or smaller molecules. In the context of the provided image, the dissociation of X2 into individual X particles illustrates how a substance transitions from a bonded state to a more dispersed state. The extent of dissociation can influence the equilibrium position and the value of ∆G, particularly at different concentrations.