Indicate whether each statement is true or false. c. Antibonding orbitals are higher in energy than bonding orbitals (if all orbitals are created from the same atomic orbitals).

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of molecular orbitals: When atomic orbitals combine, they form molecular orbitals, which can be either bonding or antibonding.
2. Recognize that bonding orbitals are formed by the constructive interference of atomic orbitals, leading to a lower energy state.
3. Antibonding orbitals result from the destructive interference of atomic orbitals, which increases the energy of the system.
4. Compare the energy levels: Bonding orbitals are lower in energy because they stabilize the molecule, while antibonding orbitals are higher in energy because they destabilize the molecule.
5. Conclude that the statement is true: Antibonding orbitals are indeed higher in energy than bonding orbitals when formed from the same atomic orbitals.

Key Concepts

Bonding and Antibonding Orbitals

Bonding orbitals are formed when atomic orbitals combine constructively, leading to increased electron density between nuclei, which stabilizes the molecule. In contrast, antibonding orbitals result from destructive interference of atomic orbitals, creating a node between the nuclei and leading to higher energy states. This fundamental distinction is crucial for understanding molecular stability.

Energy Levels of Molecular Orbitals

In molecular orbital theory, the energy levels of molecular orbitals are determined by the nature of the atomic orbitals that combine. Generally, bonding orbitals are lower in energy than the original atomic orbitals, while antibonding orbitals are higher in energy. This energy hierarchy is essential for predicting the stability and reactivity of molecules.

Molecular Orbital Theory

Molecular orbital theory describes the behavior of electrons in molecules by considering the combination of atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals. This theory provides insights into the electronic structure of molecules, including the distribution of electrons in bonding and antibonding orbitals, which directly influences molecular properties and reactivity.