Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement

Problem 18a

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Chapter 1, Problem 18a

Give the chemical symbol or name for each of the following elements, as appropriate: a. carbon

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Chemical Symbols

Chemical symbols are one- or two-letter abbreviations used to represent chemical elements. Each symbol is unique to an element and is derived from its English or Latin name. For example, the symbol for carbon is 'C', which is used universally in chemical equations and formulas.

Element Names

The name of an element is its common designation in the periodic table and is often derived from historical, geographical, or descriptive origins. For instance, carbon is named from the Latin word 'carbo', meaning coal. Understanding element names helps in recognizing their properties and applications in chemistry.

Periodic Table

The periodic table is a systematic arrangement of elements based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. It provides essential information about each element, including its symbol, atomic mass, and group classification. Familiarity with the periodic table is crucial for identifying elements and understanding their relationships.

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Periodic Table Classifications

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Classify each of the following as a pure substance or a mixture. If a mixture, indicate whether it is homogeneous or heterogeneous: (c) a hardboiled egg

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Textbook Question

Classify each of the following as a pure substance or a mixture. If a mixture, indicate whether it is homogeneous or heterogeneous: (d) sawdust.

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Textbook Question

Give the chemical symbol or name for the following elements, as appropriate: c. potassium

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Textbook Question

You are hiking in the mountains and find a shiny gold nugget. It might be the element gold, or it might be “fool’s gold,” which is a nickname for iron pyrite, FeS₂. Which of the following physical properties do you think would help determine if the shiny nugget is really gold—appearance, melting point, density, or physical state?

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Textbook Question

In the process of attempting to characterize a substance, a chemist makes the following observations: The substance is a silvery white, lustrous metal. It melts at 649 °C and boils at 1105 °C. Its density at 20 °C is 1.738 g/cm³. The substance burns in air, producing an intense white light. It reacts with chlorine to give a brittle white solid. The substance can be pounded into thin sheets or drawn into wires. It is a good conductor of electricity. Which of these characteristics are physical properties, and which are chemical properties?

(a) Read the following description of the element zinc and indicate which are physical properties and which are chemical properties. Zinc melts at 420 °C. When zinc granules are added to dilute sulfuric acid, hydrogen is given off and the metal dissolves. Zinc has a hardness on the Mohs scale of 2.5 and a density of 7.13 g/cm³ at 25 °C. It reacts slowly with oxygen gas at elevated temperatures to form zinc oxide, ZnO.

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