(c) With what neutral homonuclear diatomic molecules are the NO+ and NO- ions isoelectronic (same number of electrons)? With what neutral homonuclear diatomic molecule is the NO- ion isoelectronic (same number of electrons)?
Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Chapter 9, Problem 109b2
Azo dyes are organic dyes that are used for many applications, such as the coloring of fabrics. Many azo dyes are derivatives of the organic substance azobenzene, C12H10N2. A closely related substance is hydrazobenzene, C12H12N2. The Lewis structures of these two substances are
(Recall the shorthand notation used for benzene.) (b) How many unhybridized atomic orbitals are there on the N and the C atoms in each of the substances? How many unhybridized atomic orbitals are there on the N and the C atoms in hydrazobenzene?
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Lewis Structures
Lewis structures are diagrams that represent the bonding between atoms in a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist. They help visualize the arrangement of electrons and the connectivity of atoms, which is crucial for understanding molecular geometry and reactivity. In the context of azo dyes and hydrazobenzene, Lewis structures illustrate how atoms are bonded and the distribution of electrons, aiding in the analysis of hybridization and orbital characteristics.
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Hybridization
Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can accommodate the bonding requirements of atoms in a molecule. For example, carbon atoms in organic compounds often undergo sp3, sp2, or sp hybridization, depending on their bonding environment. Understanding hybridization is essential for determining the geometry of molecules and the number of unhybridized orbitals, which is a key aspect of the question regarding the nitrogen and carbon atoms in hydrazobenzene.
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Unhybridized Atomic Orbitals
Unhybridized atomic orbitals are the orbitals that remain in their original state after hybridization has occurred. These orbitals are important for understanding the bonding and lone pairs in a molecule. In the case of hydrazobenzene, identifying the number of unhybridized orbitals on the nitrogen and carbon atoms is crucial for predicting the molecule's reactivity and interaction with other substances, particularly in the context of azo dye applications.
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Related Practice
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The figure that follows contains ball-and-stick drawings of three possible shapes of an AF4 molecule. (a) For each shape, give the electron-domain geometry on which the molecular geometry is based. i.
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Textbook Question
The figure that follows contains ball-and-stick drawings of three possible shapes of an AF4 molecule. (a) For each shape, give the electron-domain geometry on which the molecular geometry is based. iii.
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For each of these contour representations of molecular orbitals, identify (a) the atomic orbitals (s or p) used to construct the MO (i)
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