(a) If you combine two atomic orbitals on two different atoms to make a new orbital, is this a hybrid orbital or a molecular orbital?

Key Concepts

Hybrid Orbitals

Hybrid orbitals are formed when atomic orbitals on the same atom mix to create new orbitals that are degenerate in energy. This process allows for the formation of bonds with specific geometries, such as sp, sp2, or sp3 hybridization, which correspond to different molecular shapes. Hybridization is crucial for understanding molecular geometry and bonding in covalent compounds.

Molecular Orbitals

Molecular orbitals are formed when atomic orbitals from different atoms combine to create new orbitals that belong to the entire molecule rather than to individual atoms. This process involves the constructive and destructive interference of wave functions, resulting in bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals. Molecular orbital theory provides insights into the electronic structure and stability of molecules.

Orbital Overlap

Orbital overlap is a fundamental concept in chemical bonding that describes how atomic orbitals from different atoms interact to form bonds. When two atomic orbitals overlap, they can either form a sigma bond (head-on overlap) or a pi bond (side-on overlap). Understanding orbital overlap is essential for distinguishing between hybridization and molecular orbital formation, as it influences the type and strength of chemical bonds.