Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs in each of the following cases: (a) Potassium metal is exposed to an atmosphere of chlorine gas.

Key Concepts

Balancing Chemical Equations

Balancing chemical equations involves ensuring that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. This is based on the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. To balance an equation, coefficients are adjusted in front of the chemical formulas to achieve equal atom counts.

Reactivity of Alkali Metals

Alkali metals, such as potassium, are highly reactive, especially with halogens like chlorine. When potassium reacts with chlorine gas, it forms potassium chloride. This reaction is characterized by the transfer of electrons from the alkali metal to the halogen, resulting in the formation of ionic bonds and the release of energy in the form of heat and light.

Ionic Compounds Formation

Ionic compounds are formed when metals react with nonmetals, resulting in the transfer of electrons. In the case of potassium and chlorine, potassium donates one electron to chlorine, leading to the formation of K+ and Cl- ions. These oppositely charged ions attract each other, creating a stable ionic compound, potassium chloride (KCl), which can be represented in a balanced chemical equation.