Ch.5 - Thermochemistry
Chapter 5, Problem 126
The methane molecule, CH4, has the geometry shown in Figure 2.17. Imagine a hypothetical process in which the methane molecule is 'expanded,' by simultaneously extending all four C—H bonds to infinity. We then have the process CH41g2¡C1g2 + 4 H1g2 (a) Compare this process with the reverse of the reaction that represents the standard enthalpy of formation of CH41g2.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Consider the following acid-neutralization reactions involving
the strong base NaOH(aq):
HNO31aq2 + NaOH1aq2¡NaNO31aq2 + H2O1l2
HCl1aq2 + NaOH1aq2¡NaCl1aq2 + H2O1l2
NH4+1aq2 + NaOH1aq2¡NH31aq2 + Na+1aq2 + H2O1l2
(d) In the third equation NH4
+1aq2 is acting as an acid. Based
on the value of H° for this reaction, do you think it is a
strong or a weak acid? Explain.
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Textbook Question
Consider two solutions, the first being 50.0 mL of 1.00 M CuSO4 and the second 50.0 mL of 2.00 M KOH. When the two solutions are mixed in a constant-pressure calorimeter, a precipitate forms and the temperature of the mixture rises from 21.5 to 27.7 °C. (a) Before mixing, how many grams of Cu are present in the solution of CuSO4?
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Textbook Question
A sample of a hydrocarbon is combusted completely in
O21g2 to produce 21.83 g CO21g2, 4.47 g H2O1g2, and 311 kJ of
heat. (a) What is the mass of the hydrocarbon sample that
was combusted?
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Textbook Question
One of the best-selling light, or low-calorie, beers is 4.2%
alcohol by volume and a 355-mL serving contains 110
Calories; remember: 1 Calorie = 1000 cal = 1 kcal. To
estimate the percentage of Calories that comes from
the alcohol, consider the following questions.
(a) Write
a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of ethanol,
C2H5OH, with oxygen to make carbon dioxide
and water.
(b) Use enthalpies of formation in Appendix
C to determine ΔH for this reaction.
(c) If 4.2% of
the total volume is ethanol and the density of ethanol
is 0.789 g/mL, what mass of ethanol does a 355-mL serving
of light beer contain?
(d) How many Calories are
released by the metabolism of ethanol, the reaction from
part (a)?
(e) What percentage of the 110 Calories comes
from the ethanol?
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