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Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry
Chapter 3, Problem 89

Calcium is an essential nutrient in our body. It is important for bone health. Four common calcium-containing supplements are calcium carbonate (CaCO3), calcium citrate (Ca3C12H10O14), calcium gluconate (CaC12H22O14), and calcium lactate (CaC6H10O6). Rank these calcium supplements in terms of the mass percentage of calcium they contain.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Molar Mass Calculation

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). To determine the mass percentage of calcium in each supplement, one must first calculate the molar mass of the entire compound and the molar mass of the calcium within it. The mass percentage is then found by dividing the mass of calcium by the total molar mass and multiplying by 100.
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Molar Mass Calculation Example

Mass Percentage

Mass percentage is a way of expressing the concentration of an element in a compound. It is calculated by taking the mass of the element of interest, dividing it by the total mass of the compound, and then multiplying by 100. This concept is crucial for comparing the calcium content in different supplements to determine which has the highest concentration.
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Chemical Composition of Supplements

Each calcium supplement has a unique chemical formula that dictates its composition and the amount of calcium it contains. Understanding the chemical structure and the number of calcium atoms in each formula is essential for calculating the mass percentage. For example, calcium carbonate contains one calcium atom per formula unit, while calcium citrate contains three, affecting their overall calcium content.
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Related Practice
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Write balanced chemical equations for (c) the combination reaction between nickel metal and chlorine gas.

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If 2.0 mol CH3CH2CH2COOH, 2.0 mol C4H10, and 2.0 mol C6H6 are completely combusted in oxygen, which one produces the largest number of moles of H2O?

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Textbook Question

If 2.0 mol CH3CH2CH2COOH, 2.0 mol C4H10, and 2.0 mol C6H6 are completely combusted in oxygen, which one produces the least? Explain.

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Textbook Question

Very small semiconductor crystals, composed of approximately 1000 to 10,000 atoms, are called quantum dots. Quantum dots made of the semiconductor CdSe are now being used in electronic reader and tablet displays because they emit light efficiently and in multiple colors, depending on dot size. The density of CdSe is 5.82 g/cm3. (a) What is the mass of one 2.5-nm CdSe quantum dot?

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Textbook Question

Very small semiconductor crystals, composed of approximately 1000 to 10,000 atoms, are called quantum dots. Quantum dots made of the semiconductor CdSe are now being used in electronic reader and tablet displays because they emit light efficiently and in multiple colors, depending on dot size. The density of CdSe is 5.82 g/cm3. (c) What is the mass of one 6.5-nm CdSe quantum dot?

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Textbook Question

Very small semiconductor crystals, composed of approximately 1000 to 10,000 atoms, are called quantum dots. Quantum dots made of the semiconductor CdSe are now being used in electronic reader and tablet displays because they emit light efficiently and in multiple colors, depending on dot size. The density of CdSe is 5.82 g/cm3. (e) If you wanted to make one 6.5-nm dot from multiple 2.5-nm dots, how many 2.5-nm dots would you need, and how many CdSe formula units would be left over, if any?

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