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Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria
Chapter 17, Problem 9a

The following graphs represent the behavior of BaCO3 under different circumstances. In each case, the vertical axis indicates the solubility of the BaCO3 and the horizontal axis represents the concentration of some other reagent. (a) Which graph represents what happens to the solubility of BaCO3 as HNO3 is added? [Section 17.5]
Three graphs showing BaCO3 solubility vs. concentration under different conditions.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)

The solubility product constant (Ksp) is an equilibrium constant that applies to the solubility of sparingly soluble ionic compounds. It quantifies the extent to which a compound can dissolve in a solvent, represented by the product of the molar concentrations of its ions, each raised to the power of their coefficients in the balanced equation. Understanding Ksp is crucial for predicting how changes in concentration of other reagents, like HNO3, affect the solubility of BaCO3.
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Common Ion Effect

The common ion effect describes the decrease in solubility of an ionic compound when a common ion is added to the solution. For BaCO3, adding HNO3 introduces H+ ions, which can shift the equilibrium and affect the solubility of BaCO3. This principle is essential for interpreting how the addition of HNO3 influences the solubility of BaCO3 in the provided graphs.
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Le Chatelier's Principle

Le Chatelier's Principle states that if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the system will adjust to counteract the change and restore a new equilibrium. In the context of BaCO3 solubility, adding HNO3 alters the concentration of ions in solution, prompting a shift in the equilibrium position that can either increase or decrease the solubility of BaCO3, depending on the specific conditions.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

The following figure represents solutions at various stages of the titration of a weak acid, HA, with NaOH. (The Na+ ions and water molecules have been omitted for clarity.) To which of the following regions of the titration curve does each drawing correspond: (b) after addition of NaOH but before the equivalence point? [Section 17.3]

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Textbook Question

Match the following descriptions of titration curves with the diagrams: (a) strong acid added to strong base. [Section 17.3]

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Textbook Question

Match the following descriptions of titration curves with the diagrams: (d) strong base added to polyprotic acid. [Section 17.3]

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Textbook Question

Ca1OH22 has a Ksp of 6.5 * 10-6. (b) If 50 mL of the solution from part (a) is added to each of the beakers shown here, in which beakers, if any, will a precipitate form? In those cases where a precipitate forms, what is its identity? [Section 17.6]

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Textbook Question

Three cations, Ni2+ , Cu2+ , and Ag+, are separated using two different precipitating agents. Based on Figure 17.23, what two precipitating agents could be used? Using these agents, indicate which of the cations is A, which is B, and which is C.[Section 17.7]

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Textbook Question

Which of these statements about the common-ion effect is most correct? (a) The solubility of a salt MA is decreased in a solution that already contains either M+ or A-. (b) Common ions alter the equilibrium constant for the reaction of an ionic solid with water. (c) The common-ion effect does not apply to unusual ions like SO32 - . (d) The solubility of a salt MA is affected equally by the addition of either A- or a noncommon ion.

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