Each of the three molecules shown here contains an OH group, but one molecule acts as a base, one as an acid, and the third is neither acid nor base. (c) Which one is neither acidic nor basic?

Key Concepts

Acids and Bases

Acids are substances that can donate protons (H+) in a chemical reaction, while bases are substances that can accept protons. The Brønsted-Lowry theory defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors. Understanding the behavior of molecules in terms of proton transfer is essential for identifying their acidic or basic nature.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The presence of an -OH (hydroxyl) group typically indicates alcohols, which can exhibit acidic or basic properties depending on the molecular structure and surrounding atoms. Identifying functional groups helps in predicting the behavior of the molecules.

Neutral Molecules

A neutral molecule is one that does not exhibit acidic or basic properties in solution. This can occur when the molecule does not have the ability to donate or accept protons. Recognizing the structural features that contribute to a molecule's neutrality is crucial for determining which of the given molecules is neither acidic nor basic.