Which, if any, of the following statements are true? (a) The stronger the base, the smaller the pKb. (b) The stronger the base, the larger the pKb. (c) The stronger the base, the smaller the Kb. (d) The stronger the base, the larger the Kb. (e) The stronger the base, the smaller the pKa of its conjugate acid. (f) The stronger the base, the larger the pKa of its conjugate acid.
Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria
Chapter 16, Problem 109a
Butyric acid is responsible for the foul smell of rancid butter. The pKa of butyric acid is 4.84. (a) Calculate the pKb for the butyrate ion.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
pKa and pKb Relationship
The pKa and pKb values are related through the equation pKa + pKb = 14 at 25°C. This relationship allows us to convert between the acidity of a weak acid and the basicity of its conjugate base. In this case, butyric acid has a pKa of 4.84, which can be used to find the pKb of the butyrate ion.
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Acid-Base Equilibrium
Acid-base equilibrium describes the balance between an acid and its conjugate base in solution. For butyric acid, the equilibrium can be represented as HA ⇌ H⁺ + A⁻, where HA is the acid and A⁻ is the conjugate base (butyrate ion). Understanding this equilibrium is essential for calculating pKb from pKa.
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Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
Conjugate acid-base pairs consist of an acid and its corresponding base that differ by a proton (H⁺). In this scenario, butyric acid (the acid) and butyrate ion (the base) form a conjugate pair. Recognizing these pairs is crucial for applying the pKa and pKb relationship effectively.
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