Chapter 14, Problem 123a
Many primary amines, RNH2, where R is a carboncontaining fragment such as CH3, CH3CH2, and so on, undergo reactions where the transition state is tetrahedral. (a) Draw a hybrid orbital picture to visualize the bonding at the nitrogen in a primary amine (just use a C atom for 'R').
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The mechanism for the oxidation of HBr by O2 to form 2 H2O and Br2 is shown in Exercise 14.74. (a) Calculate the overall standard enthalpy change for the reaction process.
The mechanism for the oxidation of HBr by O2 to form 2 H2O and Br2 is shown in Exercise 14.74. (c) Draw a plausible Lewis structure for the intermediate HOOBr. To what familiar compound of hydrogen and oxygen does it appear similar?
The rates of many atmospheric reactions are accelerated by the absorption of light by one of the reactants. For example, consider the reaction between methane and chlorine to produce methyl chloride and hydrogen chloride: Reaction 1: CH41g2 + Cl21g2 ¡ CH3Cl1g2 + HCl1g2 This reaction is very slow in the absence of light. However, Cl21g2 can absorb light to form Cl atoms: Reaction 2: Cl21g2 + hv ¡ 2 Cl1g2 Once the Cl atoms are generated, they can catalyze the reaction of CH4 and Cl2, according to the following proposed mechanism: Reaction 3: CH41g2 + Cl1g2 ¡ CH31g2 + HCl1g2 Reaction 4: CH31g2 + Cl21g2 ¡ CH3Cl1g2 + Cl1g2 The enthalpy changes and activation energies for these two reactions are tabulated as follows: Reaction H 1kJ ,mol 2 Ea 1kJ ,mol 2 3 +4 17 4 -109 4 (b) By using the data tabulated here, sketch a quantitative energy profile for the catalyzed reaction represented by reactions 3 and 4.