Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics

Problem 2d

Chapter 14, Problem 2d

Consider the following graph of the concentration of a substance X over time. Is each of the following statements true or false? (d) As time progresses, the curve will eventually turn downward toward the x-axis. [Section 14.2]

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Observe the graph showing the concentration of substance X over time.

Notice that the curve is rising and appears to be leveling off as time progresses.

Understand that if the curve is leveling off, it suggests that the concentration of X is approaching a maximum value.

Consider the possibility of the curve turning downward toward the x-axis, which would indicate a decrease in concentration over time.

Evaluate whether the given information and the shape of the curve support the idea that the concentration of X will eventually decrease.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Reaction Kinetics

Reaction kinetics is the study of the rates of chemical processes. It involves understanding how the concentration of reactants and products changes over time, which is crucial for interpreting graphs that depict these changes. In this context, the concentration of substance X is plotted against time, indicating how quickly the reaction proceeds.

Equilibrium and Concentration Changes

Chemical equilibrium occurs when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, leading to constant concentrations of reactants and products. In the context of the graph, if the concentration of substance X continues to rise without leveling off, it suggests that the system has not reached equilibrium, and the concentration may eventually stabilize or decrease as the reaction progresses.

Graph Interpretation

Interpreting graphs is essential in chemistry for visualizing data trends. The upward curve in the graph indicates an increase in concentration over time, suggesting that the reaction is still proceeding. Understanding the shape of the curve helps predict future behavior, such as whether it will plateau or decline, which is key to answering the question about the curve's potential downward trend.

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Textbook Question

An automotive fuel injector dispenses a fine spray of gasoline into the automobile cylinder, as shown in the bottom drawing here. When an injector gets clogged, as shown in the top drawing, the spray is not as fine or even and the performance of the car declines. How is this observation related to chemical kinetics? [Section 14.1]

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Textbook Question

You study the rate of a reaction, measuring both the concentration of the reactant and the concentration of the product as a function of time, and obtain the following results:

Which chemical equation is consistent with these data: (i) A → B, (ii) B → A, (iii) A → 2 B, (iv) B → 2 A?

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Textbook Question

Suppose that for the reaction K + L → M, you monitor the production of M over time, and then plot the following graph from your data:

(b) Is the reaction completed at t = 15 min? [Section 14.2]

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Textbook Question

The following diagrams represent mixtures of NO(g) and O21g2. These two substances react as follows: 2 NO1g2 + O21g2¡2 NO21g2 It has been determined experimentally that the rate is second order in NO and first order in O2. Based on this fact, which of the following mixtures will have the fastest initial rate? [Section 14.3]

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