Textbook Question
Two spheres of equal volume are placed on the scales as shown. a. Which one is more dense?
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Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement
Chapter 1, Problem 84
Saline solution used in hospital contains 0.9% sodium chloride by mass. Calculate the number of grams of sodium chloride in 0.5 gal of saline solution if the solution has a density of 1.01 g/mL.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Concentration by Mass
Concentration by mass refers to the amount of solute present in a given mass of solution, expressed as a percentage. In this case, a 0.9% sodium chloride solution means that there are 0.9 grams of sodium chloride in every 100 grams of the solution. Understanding this concept is crucial for calculating the mass of sodium chloride in a specific volume of saline solution.
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Density
Density is defined as mass per unit volume and is a critical property for converting between volume and mass. The density of the saline solution is given as 1.01 g/mL, which means that each milliliter of the solution weighs 1.01 grams. This information allows us to determine the total mass of the saline solution when we know its volume, which is essential for calculating the mass of sodium chloride.
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Volume to Mass Conversion
To find the mass of sodium chloride in a given volume of solution, we first convert the volume to mass using the solution's density. For example, 0.5 gallons must be converted to milliliters (1 gallon = 3785.41 mL), and then multiplied by the density to find the total mass of the solution. This mass can then be used with the concentration percentage to find the mass of sodium chloride present.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Water has a density of 0.997 g/cm3 at 25 °C; ice has a density of 0.917 g/cm3 at -10 °C. (a) If a soft-drink bottle whose volume is 1.50 L is completely filled with water and then frozen to -10 °C, what volume does the ice occupy? (b) Can the ice be contained within the bottle?
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Textbook Question
A 32.65-g sample of a solid is placed in a flask. Toluene, in which the solid is insoluble, is added to the flask so that the total volume of solid and liquid together is 50.00 mL. The solid and toluene together weigh 58.58 g. The density of toluene at the temperature of the experiment is 0.864 g/mL. What is the density of the solid?
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Textbook Question
A 40-lb container of peat moss measures 14 * 20 * 30 in. A
40-lb container of topsoil has a volume of 1.9 gal. (b) How many bags of peat moss are needed to
cover an area measuring 15.0 ft * 20.0 ft to a depth of 3.0 in.?
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Textbook Question
The total rate at which power is used by humans worldwide
is approximately 15 TW (terawatts). The solar flux averaged
over the sunlit half of Earth is 680 W>m2 (assuming
no clouds). The area of Earth's disc as seen from the Sun is
1.28 * 1014 m2. The surface area of Earth is approximately
197,000,000 square miles. How much of Earth's surface
would we need to cover with solar energy collectors to power
the planet for use by all humans? Assume that the solar energy
collectors can convert only 10% of the available sunlight
into useful power
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Textbook Question
Gold is alloyed (mixed) with other metals to increase its hardness in making jewelry. (b) The relative amount of gold in an alloy is commonly expressed in units of carats. Pure gold is 24 carat, and the percentage of gold in an alloy is given as a percentage of this value. For example, an alloy that is 50% gold is 12 carat. State the purity of the gold jewelry in carats.
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