General Chemistry
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Classify the following processes as spontaneous or nonspontaneous:
A. An icicle melting on your hand on a cold day
B. Conversion of water into steam at 120 °C
C. A stone rolling uphill
D. Dissolution of salt in water
Which of the following statements are correct?
i. The reverse direction of a spontaneous reaction will be nonspontaneous under the same reaction conditions.
ii. Spontaneous processes are slow.
iii. All reversible reactions are spontaneous.
iv. There is no heat loss in an isothermal process.
v. A reversible process can produce more work than an irreversible process
The refrigerant used in air-conditioning systems can easily undergo vaporization at atmospheric pressure and compression at higher pressures. The system then acts as a closed system consisting of the refrigerant undergoing these two stages. The vaporization occurs in an expansion chamber at low pressures. The compression of the vapor back to its liquid phase occurs in a compression chamber at high pressure.
A house and its exterior are initially 35 °C. After turning on the air conditioner, the house is cooled to 25 °C. Is this process nonspontaneous or spontaneous?
True or False. The reaction of N2(g) and CO2(g) occurs spontaneously to produce NO(g) and CO(g) at room temperature and 1 atm
Is the ripening of a mango a spontaneous or nonspontaneous process?
Identify which of the processes below are non-spontaneous and state if the non-spontaneous processes are impossible.
i. water falling from waterfalls
ii. riding a skateboard uphill
iii. boiling of water
iv. turning graphite into diamond
Identify which of the processes below are non-spontaneous.i. formation of rust in iron exposed to airii. photosynthesisiii. dissolution of salt in wateriv. melting of ice on a hot summer day
For a non-spontaneous process, which of the following statements is true?
I. The process will occur given enough time.
II. The process will never occur.
III. The process will occur in the presence of an external influence.