(c) Write a structural formula for 1-pentanol, the alcohol derived from pentane by making a substitution on one of the carbon atoms.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the parent hydrocarbon, which is pentane, with the molecular formula C_5H_{12}.
2. Recognize that 1-pentanol is an alcohol, meaning it contains an -OH (hydroxyl) group.
3. Determine the position of the -OH group: '1-' indicates that the hydroxyl group is attached to the first carbon atom in the chain.
4. Draw the carbon chain for pentane: CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_3.
5. Replace the hydrogen on the first carbon with the -OH group to form 1-pentanol: CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-OH.

Key Concepts

Structural Formula

A structural formula represents the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, showing how the atoms are bonded to each other. It provides a visual depiction of the molecular structure, indicating the connectivity of atoms and the presence of functional groups. Understanding structural formulas is essential for identifying the properties and reactivity of organic compounds.

Alcohols

Alcohols are organic compounds characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to a carbon atom. They are derived from hydrocarbons by replacing a hydrogen atom with a hydroxyl group. The properties of alcohols, such as solubility and boiling point, are influenced by the size of the carbon chain and the position of the hydroxyl group.

Pentane and Its Derivatives

Pentane is a straight-chain alkane with five carbon atoms, represented by the formula C5H12. When a hydrogen atom in pentane is replaced by a hydroxyl group, it forms 1-pentanol, an alcohol. Understanding the structure of pentane and its derivatives is crucial for recognizing how functional groups alter the properties and classification of organic molecules.