An element X reacts with oxygen to form XO₂ and with chlorine to form XCl₄. XO₂ is a white solid that melts at high temperatures (above 1000 °C). Under usual conditions, XCl₄ is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of 58 °C. (c) By using a sourcebook such as the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, try to determine the identity of element X.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Begin by analyzing the chemical formulas XO2 and XCl4. These formulas suggest that element X forms compounds with oxygen and chlorine in specific ratios, indicating its valency.
2. Step 2: Consider the physical properties of the compounds. XO2 is a white solid with a high melting point, suggesting it might be a metal or metalloid. XCl4 is a colorless liquid with a relatively low boiling point, indicating it might be a non-metal or metalloid.
3. Step 3: Use the valency information from the compounds. XO2 suggests that X has a valency of +4 when combined with oxygen, and XCl4 suggests a valency of +4 with chlorine. This consistent valency can help narrow down the possibilities for element X.
4. Step 4: Consult a reliable source such as the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics to find elements that commonly form XO2 and XCl4 compounds. Look for elements that have a valency of +4 and match the physical properties described.
5. Step 5: Compare the melting and boiling points of known compounds of potential elements with the given data. This can help confirm the identity of element X by matching the physical properties of XO2 and XCl4 with known compounds.

Key Concepts

Oxidation States

Understanding oxidation states is crucial for identifying element X. In the compound XO2, the oxidation state of oxygen is typically -2, suggesting that element X must have an oxidation state of +4 to balance the charges. This concept helps in predicting the behavior of elements in reactions, particularly in forming oxides and halides.

Chemical Properties of Halides

The formation of XCl4 indicates that element X can form stable halides. XCl4 being a colorless liquid with a low boiling point suggests that X is likely a non-metal or a metalloid, which can form covalent bonds with chlorine. This property is essential for narrowing down the possible candidates for element X based on its halide behavior.

Thermal Stability of Compounds

The high melting point of XO2 (above 1000 °C) indicates that it is likely a stable oxide, possibly of a metalloid or a transition metal. This thermal stability can provide insights into the identity of element X, as certain elements are known to form oxides with such characteristics. Analyzing the thermal properties of compounds helps in understanding the nature of the element involved.