A 15.00-mL sample of an unknown HClO4 solution requires titration with 17.03 mL of 0.1000 M NaOH to reach the equivalence point. What is the concentration of the unknown HClO4 solution? The neutralization reaction is HClO₄(aq) + NaOH(aq) → H₂O(l ) + NaClO₄(aq)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction: HClO4(aq) + NaOH(aq) → H2O(l) + NaClO4(aq).
2. Calculate the moles of NaOH used in the titration. Use the formula: moles = molarity × volume (in liters).
3. Determine the moles of HClO4 that reacted. According to the balanced equation, the mole ratio of NaOH to HClO4 is 1:1, so the moles of HClO4 are equal to the moles of NaOH.
4. Calculate the molarity of the HClO4 solution. Use the formula: molarity = moles of solute / volume of solution (in liters).
5. Convert the volume of the HClO4 solution from mL to liters before using it in the molarity calculation.

Key Concepts

Titration

Titration is a quantitative analytical technique used to determine the concentration of a solute in a solution. It involves the gradual addition of a titrant (a solution of known concentration) to a sample until the reaction reaches the equivalence point, where the amount of titrant added is stoichiometrically equivalent to the amount of substance in the sample. In this case, NaOH is the titrant used to determine the concentration of the unknown HClO4 solution.

Neutralization Reaction

A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt. In this scenario, the strong acid HClO4 reacts with the strong base NaOH to form water and sodium perchlorate (NaClO4). The balanced chemical equation indicates that one mole of HClO4 reacts with one mole of NaOH, which is essential for calculating the concentration of the unknown acid based on the volume and molarity of the base used.

Molarity and Concentration Calculations

Molarity (M) is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. To find the concentration of the unknown HClO4 solution, one can use the formula M1V1 = M2V2, where M1 and V1 are the molarity and volume of the unknown solution, and M2 and V2 are the molarity and volume of the titrant. This relationship allows for the calculation of the unknown concentration based on the titration data provided.