How is the density of solid water compared to that of liquid water atypical among substances, and why is this significant?

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the typical behavior of substances: In most substances, the solid phase is denser than the liquid phase because the molecules are packed more closely together in the solid state.
2. Describe the structure of solid water (ice): Ice has a unique crystalline structure where water molecules are arranged in a hexagonal lattice, which is maintained by hydrogen bonds.
3. Explain the effect of the hexagonal lattice: This structure causes the molecules in ice to be spaced further apart than in liquid water, resulting in a lower density for ice compared to liquid water.
4. Discuss the significance of this property: Because ice is less dense than liquid water, it floats. This is crucial for aquatic life, as it insulates the water below and provides a habitat for organisms.
5. Conclude with the broader implications: The lower density of ice compared to liquid water is an anomaly that has significant environmental and ecological impacts, influencing climate and life on Earth.