What is the difference between a hypothesis and theory? (a) A hypothesis provides an explanation for a phenomenon, but a theory does not. (b) A theory provides an explanation for a phenomenon, but a hypothesis does not. (c) Both a theory and a hypothesis provide an explanation for a phenomenon, but a theory has been upheld by experi-mental observations

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the definitions: A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon, which can be tested through experiments and observations. A theory, on the other hand, is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence and has stood up to repeated testing and validation.
2. Consider the role of evidence: A hypothesis is an initial, testable statement that has not yet been extensively tested or confirmed. A theory, however, has been repeatedly tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation, making it a more robust explanation.
3. Evaluate the options: (a) states that a hypothesis provides an explanation, but a theory does not, which is incorrect because both provide explanations. (b) states that a theory provides an explanation, but a hypothesis does not, which is also incorrect. (c) states that both provide explanations, but a theory has been upheld by experimental observations, which aligns with the definitions.
4. Reflect on scientific process: In science, hypotheses are the starting points for investigation. Through experimentation and data collection, hypotheses can be supported or refuted. If a hypothesis is consistently supported by evidence, it may contribute to the development of a theory.
5. Select the correct answer: Based on the understanding of the definitions and roles of hypotheses and theories, the correct choice is (c), as it accurately describes the relationship between a hypothesis and a theory.

Key Concepts

Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a testable statement or prediction about the relationship between two or more variables. It is often formulated based on observations and prior knowledge, serving as a starting point for further investigation. Hypotheses can be supported or refuted through experimentation and data collection.

Theory

A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence and has withstood repeated testing and scrutiny. Unlike a hypothesis, a theory is broader in scope and can encompass multiple hypotheses. Theories are generally accepted within the scientific community due to their strong empirical support.

Scientific Method

The scientific method is a systematic approach to inquiry that involves making observations, forming hypotheses, conducting experiments, and drawing conclusions. This process allows scientists to test hypotheses and develop theories based on empirical evidence. Understanding the scientific method is crucial for distinguishing between hypotheses and theories in scientific discourse.