What are the primary functions of carbohydrates in cells? a. cell identity, energy storage, raw material source for synthesis, and structure b. catalysis, energy storage, metabolism, and structure c. catalysis, digestion, energy storage, and information storage d. energy storage, information storage, polymerization, and raw material source for synthesis

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the roles commonly associated with carbohydrates in biological systems. Carbohydrates are known for energy storage, structural components, and as a source of raw materials for synthesis.
2. Eliminate options that include roles not typically associated with carbohydrates. For example, carbohydrates are not primarily involved in catalysis or information storage, which are functions more commonly associated with proteins and nucleic acids, respectively.
3. Review the remaining options to find one that includes all and only the typical roles of carbohydrates. Cell identity (as in cell surface markers like glycoproteins), energy storage (like glycogen and starch), raw material source for synthesis (like glucose for other biomolecules), and structure (like cellulose in plants) are all relevant functions.
4. Confirm that the chosen option does not include any incorrect roles. For example, ensure it does not list catalysis or information storage, which are not functions of carbohydrates.

Key Concepts

Functions of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates serve several essential functions in cells, including energy storage, structural support, and serving as raw materials for synthesis. They are crucial for providing energy through glucose, which is metabolized to fuel cellular processes. Additionally, carbohydrates contribute to cell identity through glycoproteins and glycolipids on cell surfaces.

Energy Storage

Carbohydrates, particularly in the form of polysaccharides like glycogen and starch, are vital for energy storage in cells. Glycogen is stored in liver and muscle cells, providing a readily available energy source during periods of high demand. Starch serves a similar purpose in plants, allowing them to store energy for later use.

Structural Role

Carbohydrates also play a critical structural role in cells. For example, cellulose, a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, provides rigidity and strength. In addition, carbohydrates are involved in forming the extracellular matrix in animals, which supports tissue structure and facilitates cell communication.