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Ch. 32 - Deuterostome Animals

Chapter 31, Problem 7

Which of the following nested monophyletic groups are correctly organized from largest (most inclusive) to smallest (least inclusive), showing your place in the tree of life?


a. Deuterostomes>Chordates>Vertebrates>Mammals

b. Animals>Mammals>Vertebrates>Primates

c. Chordates>Primates>Mammals>Hominins

Verified step by step guidance
1
Identify the meaning of 'monophyletic group': A monophyletic group, or clade, is a group of organisms that consists of all the descendants of a common ancestor.
Understand the hierarchy of biological classification: The hierarchy typically follows this pattern from largest to smallest: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
Analyze each option to determine if the groups are listed from most inclusive (largest) to least inclusive (smallest) based on the known biological classification hierarchy.
Option a: Deuterostomes > Chordates > Vertebrates > Mammals. Here, Deuterostomes is a superphylum that includes several phyla including Chordata. Chordates include all vertebrates and some other closely related invertebrates. Vertebrates are a subphylum of chordates, and mammals are a class within the vertebrates.
Option b: Animals > Mammals > Vertebrates > Primates. This sequence is incorrect because Primates are a part of the class Mammalia, and thus should not be placed after Vertebrates. Mammals are a class within the subphylum Vertebrates.
Option c: Chordates > Primates > Mammals > Hominins. This sequence is incorrect because Primates are an order within the class Mammalia, and Hominins are a tribe within the family Hominidae of the order Primates. Thus, the order should be Chordates > Mammals > Primates > Hominins.
Related Practice
Textbook Question

Which statement is true about endothermy in mammals and birds? a. They both inherited this trait from a common ancestor. b. Birds are more closely related to mammals than to reptiles. c. Endothermy arose independently in these two lineages. d. Birds are reptiles and all reptiles are ectothermic.

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Textbook Question

To estimate the relative abundance of the major phyla, calculate how many named species of arthropods, mollusks, and nematode worms exist per named species of chordate (the phylum containing vertebrates, including humans; see Table 30.1). Do you think these calculations are likely to be underestimates or overestimates? Why?

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Textbook Question

Compare amniotic eggs to placentas.

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Textbook Question

Draw a phylogeny of major populations of modern humans that would reject the out-of-Africa hypothesis.

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Textbook Question

Consider the evolution of protostomes and deuterostomes (this chapter): (1) Compare adaptations in protostomes and deuterostomes for living on land. (2) Recall that changes in the expression patterns of tool-kit genes in arthropods such as insects enabled a dramatic diversification of their segmented appendages and bodies. Design an experiment to test whether this concept applies to vertebrates.

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Textbook Question

Genetic diversity in living human populations is highest in Africa and decreases as a function of distance traveled by the human migration that left Africa many millennia ago. Draw a graph to show this trend. (Hint: What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable? What kind of graph is appropriate for this kind of data? Add a label where you would expect to find a data point for the Yanomamö tribe of the Amazon rain forest in South America. Why is it important to use indigenous people for this study?

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