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Ch. 13 - Meiosis
Chapter 13, Problem 5

Select True or False for each statement. T/F Sister chromatids are homologous chromosomes. T/F Non-sister chromatids are found on two different homologs. T/F Crossing over occurs between sister chromatids. T/F A chiasma forms between two of the four molecules of double-stranded DNA on duplicated homologous chromosomes.

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False. Sister chromatids are identical copies of the same chromosome formed by DNA replication, attached at the centromere, not homologous chromosomes which are similar but not identical and come from different parents.
True. Non-sister chromatids refer to chromatids belonging to homologous chromosomes (one from each parent), not to the same chromosome.
False. Crossing over occurs between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, not between sister chromatids.
True. A chiasma is the point where two homologous non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material during crossing over, involving two of the four chromatids from duplicated homologous chromosomes.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Sister Chromatids vs. Homologous Chromosomes

Sister chromatids are identical copies of a single chromosome that are connected at the centromere, formed during DNA replication. In contrast, homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, that may contain different alleles for the same genes. Understanding this distinction is crucial for answering questions about genetic relationships during cell division.
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Non-Sister Chromatids

Non-sister chromatids refer to chromatids from different homologous chromosomes. During meiosis, these chromatids can exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over, which increases genetic diversity. Recognizing the difference between sister and non-sister chromatids is essential for understanding genetic recombination and inheritance patterns.
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Crossing Over and Chiasma Formation

Crossing over is a process that occurs during prophase I of meiosis, where non-sister chromatids exchange segments of genetic material. This exchange occurs at points called chiasmata, which are visible under a microscope as X-shaped structures. This process is vital for genetic variation in gametes, making it a key concept in understanding meiosis and heredity.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

What is an outcome of genetic recombination? a. the synapsing of homologs during prophase of meiosis I b. the new combination of maternal and paternal chromosome segments that results when homologs cross over c. the new combinations of chromosome segments that result when self-fertilization occurs d. the combination of a haploid phase and a diploid phase in a life cycle

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Textbook Question

What proportion of chromosomes in a man's skin cell are maternal chromosomes?

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Textbook Question

Nondisjunction that leads to problems in offspring can occur in: a. mitosis b. meiosis I only c. meiosis I and II d. mitosis, meiosis I, and meiosis II

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Textbook Question

If you followed a woman's cells through meiosis, at what stage of meiosis would the amount of DNA in one of these cells be equal to the amount of DNA in one of her G1 phase (before DNA replication) kidney cells?

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Textbook Question

If one species (2n=10) crosses with another species (2n=18), producing an allopolyploid offspring, what is the ploidy of the offspring? a. 2n=10 b. 2n=18 c. 2n=10 + 18=28 d. 4n=36 +20=56

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Textbook Question

Norway rats have 42 chromosomes in their diploid cells. If such a cell enters meiosis, how many chromosomes and double-helical molecules of DNA will be present in each daughter cell at the end of meiosis II? a. 21 chromosomes and 21 double-helical DNA molecules b. 21 chromosomes and 42 double-helical DNA molecules c. 42 chromosomes and 42 double-helical DNA molecules d. 42 chromosomes and 84 double-helical DNA molecules

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