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Ch. 49 - Nervous Systems
Chapter 49, Problem 1

Activation of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system a. increases heart rate. b. enhances digestion. c. triggers release of epinephrine. d. causes conversion of glycogen to glucose.

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1
The parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for 'rest and digest' activities. It helps the body conserve energy and replenish its resources.
Option a, increasing heart rate, is incorrect because the parasympathetic system actually decreases heart rate, allowing the body to rest.
Option c, triggering the release of epinephrine, is incorrect because epinephrine is released by the sympathetic nervous system, which is active during 'fight or flight' responses.
Option d, causing conversion of glycogen to glucose, is also a function of the sympathetic nervous system, not the parasympathetic system.
Option b, enhancing digestion, is correct because the parasympathetic system stimulates digestive activities, including increasing intestinal and gland activity.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system, responsible for promoting 'rest and digest' functions. It counteracts the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, which prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses. Activation of this system generally leads to decreased heart rate, increased digestive activity, and conservation of energy.
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Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates involuntary physiological functions, including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and digestion. It is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, which have opposing effects on the body. Understanding the ANS is crucial for comprehending how different stimuli can influence bodily functions without conscious control.
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Digestive Enhancement

Enhancement of digestion refers to the physiological processes that facilitate the breakdown and absorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract. When the parasympathetic nervous system is activated, it stimulates salivation, increases gastric secretions, and promotes peristalsis, all of which are essential for effective digestion. This contrasts with sympathetic activation, which inhibits these processes.
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