Textbook Question
Which of these is not part of insect immunity?
a. Enzyme activation of pathogen-killing chemicals
b. Activation of natural killer cells
c. Phagocytosis by hemocytes
d. Production of antimicrobial peptides
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Ch. 43 - The Immune System
Urry11th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9789357423311
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry8
- Ch. 2 - The Chemical Context of Life8
- Ch. 3 - Water and Life6
- Ch. 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life9
- Ch. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules9
- Ch. 6 - A Tour of the Cell6
- Ch. 7 - Membrane Structure and Function6
- Ch. 8 - An Introduction to Metabolism6
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation10
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis7
- Ch. 11 - Cell Communication7
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle10
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles10
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea14
- Ch, 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance7
- Ch. 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance9
- Ch. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein9
- Ch. 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression10
- Ch. 19 - Viruses6
- Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 21 - Genomes and Their Evolution8
- Ch. 22 - Descent with Modification: A Darwininan View of Life6
- Ch. 23 - The Evolution of Populations5
- Ch. 24 - The Origin of Species6
- Ch. 25 - The History of Life on Earth6
- Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life7
- Ch. 27 - Bacteria and Archaea8
- Ch. 28 - Protists7
- Ch. 29 - Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land7
- Ch. 30 - Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants7
- Ch. 31 - Fungi5
- Ch. 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity4
- Ch. 33 - An introduction to Invertebrates6
- Ch. 34 - The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates7
- Ch. 35 - Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development8
- Ch. 36 - Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants8
- Ch. 37 - Soil and Plant Nutrition10
- Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals8
- Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function8
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition7
- Ch. 42 - Circulation and Gas Exchange7
- Ch. 43 - The Immune System6
- Ch. 44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion6
- Ch. 45 - Hormones and the Endocrine System8
- Ch. 46 - Animal Reproduction8
- Ch. 47 - Animal Development8
- Ch. 48 - Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling6
- Ch. 49 - Nervous Systems8
- Ch. 50 - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms5
- Ch. 51 Animal Behavior6
- Ch. 52 - An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere7
- Ch. 53 - Population Ecology10
- Ch. 54 - Community Ecology9
- Ch. 55 - Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology8
- Ch. 56 - Conservation Biology and Global Change6
Chapter 43, Problem 2
An epitope associates with which part of an antigen receptor or antibody?
a. The tail
b. The heavy-chain constant regions only
c. Variable regions of a heavy chain and light chain combined
d. The light-chain constant regions only
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the structure of an antibody: Antibodies are Y-shaped molecules composed of two heavy chains and two light chains. Each chain has constant and variable regions.
Identify the role of variable regions: The variable regions of both the heavy and light chains are responsible for binding to specific antigens. These regions are highly diverse, allowing antibodies to recognize a wide array of antigens.
Define an epitope: An epitope is the specific part of an antigen that is recognized and bound by an antibody. It is also known as an antigenic determinant.
Determine the interaction site: The epitope binds to the variable regions of the antibody, which are located at the tips of the Y-shaped structure. These regions form the antigen-binding site.
Conclude which part associates with the epitope: Since the epitope binds to the variable regions of both the heavy and light chains, the correct answer is the variable regions of a heavy chain and light chain combined.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Epitope
An epitope, also known as an antigenic determinant, is the specific part of an antigen that is recognized and bound by an antibody or antigen receptor. It is typically a small sequence of amino acids or a specific structural feature on the antigen's surface, crucial for immune recognition.
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Antigen Presentation and Cytotoxic T Cells
Antigen Receptor
Antigen receptors are proteins located on the surface of immune cells, such as B cells and T cells, that specifically bind to antigens. These receptors have variable regions that allow them to recognize and bind to diverse epitopes, enabling the immune system to target a wide array of pathogens.
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03:50Antigen Receptors
Variable Regions
The variable regions of an antibody or antigen receptor are the parts that determine the specificity for binding to an epitope. These regions are composed of both heavy and light chains, and their unique amino acid sequences allow for the diverse recognition of different antigens, making them essential for adaptive immunity.
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04:13Constant and Variable Regions
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which statement best describes the difference between responses of effector B cells (plasma cells) and those of cytotoxic T cells?
a. B cells confer active immunity; cytotoxic T cells confer passive immunity.
b. B cells respond the first time a pathogen is present; cytotoxic T cells respond subsequent times.
c. B cells secrete antibodies against a pathogen; cytotoxic T cells kill pathogen-infected host cells.
d. B cells carry out the cell-mediated response; cytotoxic T cells carry out the humoral response.
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Textbook Question
Which of the following statements is not true?
a. An antibody has more than one antigen-binding site.
b. A lymphocyte has receptors for multiple different antigens.
c. An antigen can have different epitopes.
d. A liver or muscle cell makes one class of MHC molecule.
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Textbook Question
Which of the following statements is true?
a. An antibody has one antigen-binding site
b. A lymphocyte has receptors for a single antigen
c. Every antigen has a single epitope
d. A liver or muscle cell makes two classes of MHC molecule
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