Which of the following arise(s), directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity? a. secondary xylem b. leaves c. dermal tissue d. all of the above

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the question. The question is asking which of the given options arise, either directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity. Meristematic activity refers to the process by which meristematic cells (undifferentiated cells in plants) divide and differentiate into various types of cells.
2. Step 2: Understand what each option represents. Secondary xylem is the wood of a plant, leaves are the primary photosynthetic organs, and dermal tissue is the outer protective covering of plants.
3. Step 3: Recall what you know about meristematic cells. Meristematic cells are the only cells in a plant that undergo cell division. After they divide, they can differentiate into any type of plant cell.
4. Step 4: Apply this knowledge to the options. Since meristematic cells can differentiate into any type of plant cell, they can give rise to secondary xylem, leaves, and dermal tissue.
5. Step 5: Choose the correct answer. Therefore, the answer is 'd. all of the above'.

Key Concepts

Meristematic Tissue

Meristematic tissue consists of undifferentiated cells capable of continuous division, leading to the formation of new cells. This tissue is crucial for plant growth and development, as it gives rise to various types of tissues and organs. There are two main types of meristems: apical meristems, which promote vertical growth, and lateral meristems, which contribute to the thickness of the plant.

Secondary Xylem

Secondary xylem, commonly known as wood, is produced by the vascular cambium, a type of lateral meristem. It plays a vital role in the transport of water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves and provides structural support to the plant. The formation of secondary xylem is a direct result of meristematic activity, particularly in woody plants.

Plant Tissues

Plant tissues are categorized into three main types: dermal, vascular, and ground tissues. Dermal tissue serves as a protective layer, vascular tissue is involved in the transport of water and nutrients, and ground tissue is responsible for photosynthesis, storage, and support. All these tissues arise from meristematic activity, highlighting the importance of meristems in plant development.