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Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea
Chapter 14, Problem 5

Flower position, stem length, and seed shape are three characters that Mendel studied. Each is controlled by an independently assorting gene and has dominant and recessive expression as indicated in Table 14.1. If a plant that is heterozygous for all three characters is allowed to self-fertilize, what proportion of the offspring would you expect to be each of the following? (Note: Use the rules of probability instead of a huge Punnett square.) a. homozygous for the three dominant traits b. homozygous for the three recessive traits c. heterozygous for all three characters d. homozygous for axial and tall, heterozygous for seed shape

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Mendelian Genetics

Mendelian genetics is the study of how traits are inherited through generations, based on the principles established by Gregor Mendel. It involves understanding dominant and recessive alleles, where dominant traits mask the expression of recessive ones. Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment explain how alleles segregate during gamete formation and how different traits are inherited independently.
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Genotype and Phenotype

The genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the alleles it carries for a particular trait, while the phenotype is the observable expression of those traits. For example, a plant may have a genotype of 'Tt' for tallness (where 'T' is tall and 't' is short), resulting in a phenotype of tall. Understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype is crucial for predicting the traits of offspring.
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Probability in Genetics

Probability in genetics is used to predict the likelihood of certain genotypes and phenotypes in offspring based on parental genotypes. By applying the rules of probability, such as the multiplication and addition rules, one can calculate the expected ratios of different genetic combinations without constructing a full Punnett square. This approach simplifies the analysis of multiple traits, especially when dealing with independent assortment.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

A man with type A blood marries a woman with type B blood. Their child has type O blood. What are the genotypes of these three individuals? What genotypes, and in what frequencies, would you expect in future offspring from this marriage?

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Textbook Question
A man has six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot. His wife and their daughter have the normal number of digits. Remember that extra digits is a dominant trait. What fraction of this couple's children would be expected to have extra digits?
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Textbook Question

DRAW IT A pea plant heterozygous for inflated pods (Ii) is crossed with a plant homozygous for constricted pods (ii). Draw a Punnett square for this cross to predict genotypic and phenotypic ratios. Assume that pollen comes from the ii plant.

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Textbook Question

Hemochromatosis is an inherited disease caused by a recessive allele. If a woman and her husband, who are both carriers, have three children, what is the probability of each of the following? a. All three children are of normal phenotype. b. One or more of the three children have the disease. c. All three children have the disease. d. At least one child is phenotypically normal.

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Textbook Question

The genotype of F1 individuals in a tetrahybrid cross is AaBbCcDd. Assuming independent assortment of these four genes, what are the probabilities that F2 offspring will have the following genotypes? a. aabbccdd b. AaBbCcDd c. AABBCCDD d. AaBBccDd e. AaBBCCdd

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Textbook Question

What is the probability that each of the following pairs of parents will produce the indicated offspring? (Assume independent assortment of all gene pairs.) a. AABBCC×aabbcc→AaBbCc b. AABbCc×AaBbCc→AAbbCC c. AaBbCc×AaBbCc→AaBbCc d. aaBbCC×AABbcc→AaBbCc

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