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Ch. 56 - Conservation Biology and Global Change
Chapter 56, Problem 3

What is the single greatest threat to biodiversity? a. overharvesting of commercially important species b. habitat alteration, fragmentation, and destruction c. introduced species that compete with native species d. novel pathogens

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, encompassing the diversity of species, ecosystems, and genetic variations within species. It is crucial for ecosystem resilience, providing essential services such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation. High biodiversity contributes to the stability and productivity of ecosystems, making it vital for human survival and well-being.
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Habitat Alteration and Destruction

Habitat alteration, fragmentation, and destruction involve changes to natural environments that can severely impact wildlife and plant populations. This can result from urban development, agriculture, and deforestation, leading to loss of habitat and resources for many species. Such changes can disrupt ecological balance, leading to declines in biodiversity and the extinction of vulnerable species.
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Invasive Species

Invasive species are non-native organisms that, when introduced to a new environment, can outcompete, prey on, or bring diseases to native species. They often thrive in their new habitats due to a lack of natural predators, leading to significant ecological and economic impacts. The presence of invasive species can disrupt local ecosystems, reduce biodiversity, and alter habitat structures.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question

One characteristic that distinguishes a population in an extinction vortex from most other populations is that a. it is a rare, top-level predator. b, its effective population size is lower than its total population size. c. its genetic diversity is very low. d. it is not well adapted to edge conditions.

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Textbook Question

The main cause of the increase in the amount of CO2 in Earth’s atmosphere over the past 170 years is


A. increased worldwide primary production.

B. increased worldwide fertilizer production.

C. increased infrared radiation absorption by the atmosphere.

D. the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.


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Textbook Question

If you applied a fungicide to a cornfield, what would you expect to happen to the rate of decomposition and net ecosystem production (NEP)? a. Both decomposition rate and NEP would decrease. b. Neither would change. c. Decomposition rate would increase and NEP would decrease. d. Decomposition rate would decrease and NEP would increase.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following strategies would most rapidly increase the genetic diversity of a population in an extinction vortex? a. Establish a reserve that protects the population's habitat. b. Introduce new individuals transported from other populations of the same species. c. Sterilize the least fit individuals in the population. d. Control populations of the endangered population's predators and competitors.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following statements about protected areas established to preserve biodiversity is true? (A) About 25% of Earth's land area is now protected. (B) National parks are the only type of protected area. (C) Management of a protected area does not need to be coordinated with management of the surrounding area. (D) It is especially important to protect biodiversity hot spots

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