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Ch. 53 - Population Ecology
Chapter 53, Problem 9

Which of the following statements about human populations in industrialized countries is correct? (A)Birth rates and death rates are high. (B)Average family size is relatively large. (C)The population has undergone the demographic transition. (D)The survivorship curve is Type II.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Demographic Transition

The demographic transition model describes the transition from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country develops. This process typically occurs in four stages: pre-industrial, transitional, industrial, and post-industrial. In industrialized countries, populations have usually moved to the later stages, characterized by lower birth rates and longer life expectancy.
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Survivorship Curves

Survivorship curves are graphical representations that show the number of individuals surviving at each age for a given species or population. Type II curves indicate a constant mortality rate throughout the lifespan, typical of species that experience a relatively uniform chance of dying at any age. This contrasts with Type I (high survival in early life) and Type III (high mortality in early life) curves.
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Population Characteristics in Industrialized Countries

In industrialized countries, populations typically exhibit low birth rates and low death rates, leading to stable or slowly growing populations. Average family sizes tend to be smaller due to various social and economic factors, including access to education and family planning. These characteristics are essential for understanding the demographic trends and challenges faced by these populations.
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