Which statement about dispersal is true? (A)Dispersal is not a component of the life cycles of most plants and animals. (B)Dispersal occurs only on an evolutionary time scale. (C)Colonization of devastated areas after floods or volcanic eruptions depends on dispersal. (D)The ability to disperse does not affect the geographic distribution of a species.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the key term: Dispersal refers to the movement of organisms from their birth site to other locations where they grow, reproduce, or establish new populations.
2. Evaluate each statement: Analyze each option in the context of the definition of dispersal.
3. (A) is incorrect because dispersal is a crucial component in the life cycles of many plants and animals, allowing them to spread their genes and colonize new areas.
4. (B) is incorrect as dispersal can occur over short periods (ecological time scale), not just over evolutionary time scales. It includes daily or seasonal movements, as well as generational shifts.
5. (C) is correct because after environmental disturbances like floods or volcanic eruptions, the affected areas can be recolonized by new organisms through dispersal.
6. (D) is incorrect because the ability to disperse greatly influences where a species can live and how it can expand its geographic range.

Key Concepts

Dispersal in Ecology

Dispersal refers to the movement of individuals or propagules (like seeds) away from their place of origin. It is a critical ecological process that influences population dynamics, genetic diversity, and species distribution. Dispersal can occur through various mechanisms, including wind, water, and animal transport, and is essential for colonization of new habitats.

Colonization and Ecosystem Recovery

Colonization is the process by which species establish themselves in a new area, often following disturbances such as floods or volcanic eruptions. The success of colonization heavily relies on dispersal, as organisms must reach the affected area to repopulate it. This process is vital for ecosystem recovery and biodiversity restoration after significant environmental changes.

Geographic Distribution of Species

The geographic distribution of a species refers to the areas where it is found in the wild. Dispersal plays a crucial role in shaping this distribution, as it determines how far individuals can spread from their original habitat. Factors such as environmental conditions, barriers to movement, and the ability to adapt to new areas influence a species' geographic range.