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Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function
Chapter 40, Problem 2

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment? a. feathers or fur b. vasoconstriction c. wind blowing across the body surface d.countercurrent heat exchanger

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Heat Exchange Mechanisms

Heat exchange in animals occurs through conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for analyzing how animals interact with their environment thermally. For instance, convection involves the transfer of heat through the movement of air or water, which can significantly affect an animal's temperature regulation.
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Vasoconstriction

Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of blood vessels, which reduces blood flow to the skin and extremities. This physiological response helps conserve body heat in cold environments. However, it does not increase heat exchange; rather, it minimizes heat loss, making it an important concept in thermoregulation.
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Countercurrent Exchange

Countercurrent Heat Exchange

Countercurrent heat exchangers are adaptations found in some animals that allow for efficient heat retention. This system involves the close proximity of arteries and veins, where warm blood flowing out warms the cooler blood returning to the body. This mechanism can significantly reduce heat loss to the environment, thus enhancing thermal efficiency.
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Countercurrent Exchange