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Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function
Chapter 40, Problem 8

DRAW IT Draw a model of the control circuit(s) required for driving an automobile at a fairly constant speed over a hilly road. Indicate each feature that represents a sensor, stimulus, or response.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Control Systems

Control systems are frameworks that manage the behavior of dynamic systems. In the context of driving an automobile, they involve feedback loops that adjust the vehicle's speed based on input from various sensors. These systems ensure that the car maintains a constant speed, even when faced with changes in terrain, such as hills.
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Sensors

Sensors are devices that detect and measure physical properties, providing critical data for control systems. In an automobile, sensors can monitor speed, engine performance, and road conditions. This information is essential for making real-time adjustments to maintain a constant speed, especially on hilly roads.
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Feedback Mechanism

A feedback mechanism is a process where the output of a system is fed back into the system as input, allowing for adjustments based on performance. In driving, this means that if the car slows down on a hill, the feedback from speed sensors prompts the engine to increase power, helping to maintain the desired speed. This dynamic adjustment is crucial for smooth driving.
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