Viruses quiz Flashcards

The virus binds to the host cell.

Bacteriophages inject their genome into the host cell using a syringe-like mechanism.

The host cell's machinery is hijacked by the virus to replicate its genome and produce viral components.

Viruses need to produce nucleic acids and capsomeres.

Spontaneous assembly is the process where viral components self-assemble into new viruses without additional energy input.

The lytic cycle is a replication process that results in the death of the host cell by bursting it open to release new viruses.

A virulent phage is a bacteriophage that replicates exclusively through the lytic cycle.

The lysogenic cycle involves the integration of the viral genome into the host genome, allowing the virus to replicate without killing the host cell.

A prophage is viral DNA that has been integrated into the bacterial chromosome.

Animal viruses enter host cells through cell surface protein receptor recognition, often via endocytosis.

Reverse transcription is the process where retroviruses convert their RNA genome into DNA, which is then integrated into the host cell's genome.

Retroviruses use the enzyme reverse transcriptase for reverse transcription.

Positive sense RNA viruses have genomes that can be directly translated into proteins, while negative sense RNA viruses require transcription into mRNA before translation.

A provirus is viral DNA that has been integrated into the host cell's genome through reverse transcription.

Viroids are small, circular single-stranded RNA molecules that infect plants and do not encode proteins, unlike viruses.

The viral DNA is introduced into the cell during the initial stage of infection when the virus binds to the host cell and injects its genome.

The lytic cycle of bacteriophage infection ends with the lysis of the host cell, releasing new viral particles.

The lytic cycle is used by a virus to destroy the host cell to reproduce the virus.

The lytic cycle is the mechanism that a virus uses to destroy the host cell to reproduce the virus.

Double-stranded viral DNA is incorporated into a host cell as a prophage.

All viruses include a capsid, which is a protein coat that encloses their genetic material.

The processes required for production of virus particles in a host cell include replication of the viral genome and assembly of new viral particles.

The nucleic acid of a virus particle is enclosed in a protein coat called a capsid.

Without specific statements provided, it's difficult to determine which is incorrect, but generally, animal viruses often have viral envelopes and RNA genomes.

All viruses contain genetic material (either DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat called a capsid.

The flu virus infects the respiratory system, causing symptoms like coughing, sore throat, and congestion by damaging respiratory epithelial cells.

In vivo methods for viral cultivation include using live animals or embryonated eggs to grow viruses.

If the host cell died prior to the assembly stage, the lytic bacteriophage would be unable to complete its replication cycle and produce new viral particles.

The lysogenic cycle is a cycle that some viruses use to insert the viral DNA into the host cell DNA.

The genome of bacteriophage T4 is injected into E. coli, while the capsid remains outside.

Without a specific image, it's difficult to determine the cytopathic effect or causative agent, but common effects include cell lysis or syncytia formation, often caused by viruses like herpes or measles.