Tropisms and Hormones quiz Flashcards

Thigmotropism.

They use an action potential, an electric signal transmitted through plasmodesmata by moving ions across the membrane.

Cytokinins.

Gibberellins.

It is involved in stomata closing and seed dormancy.

Senescence, or biological aging.

To prevent water loss and protect against pathogens.

Hair-like structures that protect plants against herbivores.

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).

The hypersensitive response is rapid and localized, while systemic acquired resistance is slower and plant-wide.

Salicylic acid.

They induce cell division and elongation in the fruit.

It converts starches to sugars and breaks down cell walls, making the fruit sweeter and softer.

They promote bushy growth by influencing the ratio of cytokinins to auxin.

They regulate cell elongation and division, affecting overall plant body size.

Phototropism is a plant's response to light, causing it to grow towards the light source.

Gravitropism is a plant's movement in response to gravity, observed in both roots and shoots.

The statolith hypothesis suggests that dense statoliths sink to the bottom of cells, activating sensory signals to help the plant sense gravity.

Uneven auxin distribution causes roots to bend towards the side with more auxin.

Thigmotropism is a plant's growth or movement in response to touch or physical contact.

Venus flytraps use action potentials to quickly close on their prey in response to touch.

Cytokinins regulate growth by controlling the cell cycle and promoting cell division.

Gibberellins induce cell division and elongation in stems, and are involved in fruit growth and seed germination.

Abscisic acid promotes stomatal closing and inhibits seed germination.

Ethylene is involved in senescence, leaf abscission, and fruit ripening.

Ethylene converts starches to sugars, making the fruit sweeter and softer.

Plants exposed to frequent physical stimuli, like wind, often restrict their vertical growth to avoid damage.

Apical dominance is the suppression of lateral bud growth by the apical bud, regulated by the ratio of cytokinins to auxin.

Senescence is the process of aging in plants, marked by a gradual deterioration of function.

Brassinosteroids are involved in cell elongation and division, regulating overall plant body size.