Prokaryote Reproduction and Gene Exchange exam Flashcards

Asexual reproduction in prokaryotes resulting in two identical daughter cells.

A period where bacteria grow at an exponential rate due to optimal conditions and nutrients.

High mutation rates due to short generation times and large populations, leading to genetic variation.

Process where a prokaryote takes up external DNA from its environment and incorporates it into its genome.

The transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another via a virus.

Direct transfer of genetic material between two physically connected prokaryotic cells via a pilus.

A plasmid that carries genes required for the formation of a pilus and gene transfer during conjugation.

A plasmid that carries genes conferring antibiotic resistance.

Rapid increase in bacterial population when conditions are optimal.

A pilus connects two bacterial cells, allowing the transfer of genetic material.

Achieved through mutation, transformation, transduction, and conjugation.

A genetic element that includes the F plasmid and genes incorporated into the bacterial chromosome.

The ability of bacteria to survive and proliferate despite the presence of antibiotics, often due to R plasmids.

They contribute to high mutation rates and rapid evolution.

The process of introducing DNA into eukaryotic cells via a virus.

Bacterial growth levels off due to nutrient depletion or space limitations.

A virus that infects bacteria and can transfer DNA between bacterial cells.

A cell that possesses the F factor and transfers genetic material to a recipient cell.

A small, circular piece of DNA in bacteria that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA.

It enhances genetic diversity, aiding in adaptation and evolution.

DNA that originates outside the cell and can be incorporated into the cell's genome.

F⁺ bacteria have the F plasmid, while F^- bacteria lack it and act as recipients in conjugation.

An agent, such as a virus, that transfers genetic material from one organism to another.

A cell that lacks the F factor and receives genetic material from a donor cell.

The main genetic material in a cell, containing most of the organism's genes.

They transfer DNA from one bacterial cell to another, introducing genetic variation.

The time it takes for a bacterial population to double in number.

Bacteria with the F factor incorporated into their chromosomal DNA, capable of gene transfer.

The protein shell of a virus that encases its genetic material.